Samurai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Samurai(. According to translator William Scott Wilson: . In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean . According to Wilson, an early reference to the word . The samurai were usually associated with a clan and their lord, were trained as officers in military tactics and grand strategy, and they followed a set of rules that later came to be known as the bushid. While the samurai numbered less than 1. Japan's population. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka- no- . This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to adopt the Tang dynasty political structure, bureaucracy, culture, religion, and philosophy. With an understanding of how the population was distributed, Emperor Mommu introduced a law whereby 1 in 3. These soldiers were required to supply their own weapons, and in- return were exempted from duties and taxes. Those of 6th rank and below were referred to as . Military men, however, would not be referred to as . Emperor Kammu introduced the title of sei'i- taish. Skilled in mounted combat and archery (ky. Though this is the first known use of the . At this time (the 7th to 9th century), the Imperial Court officials considered them to be merely a military section under the control of the Imperial Court. From this time, the Emperor's power gradually declined. While the Emperor was still the ruler, powerful clans around Kyoto assumed positions as ministers, and their relatives bought positions as magistrates. To amass wealth and repay their debts, magistrates often imposed heavy taxes, resulting in many farmers becoming landless. These clans formed alliances to protect themselves against more powerful clans, and by the mid- Heian period they had adopted characteristic Japanese armor and weapons, and laid the foundations of Bushid. In time, they amassed enough manpower, resources and political backing in the form of alliances with one another, to establish the first samurai- dominated government. As the power of these regional clans grew, their chief was typically a distant relative of the Emperor and a lesser member of either the Fujiwara, Minamoto, or Taira clans. Though originally sent to provincial areas for a fixed four- year term as a magistrate, the toryo declined to return to the capital when their terms ended, and their sons inherited their positions and continued to lead the clans in putting down rebellions throughout Japan during the middle- and later- Heian period. Because of their rising military and economic power, the warriors ultimately became a new force in the politics of the Imperial court. Their involvement in the H. He eventually seized control of the central government, establishing the first samurai- dominated government and relegating the Emperor to figurehead status. However, the Taira clan was still very conservative when compared to its eventual successor, the Minamoto, and instead of expanding or strengthening its military might, the clan had its women marry Emperors and exercise control through the Emperor. The Taira and the Minamoto clashed again in 1. Genpei War, which ended in 1. Samurai fought at the naval battle of Dan- no- ura, at the Shimonoseki Strait which separates Honshu and Kyushu in 1. The victorious Minamoto no Yoritomo established the superiority of the samurai over the aristocracy. In 1. 19. 0 he visited Kyoto and in 1. Sei'i- taish. Instead of ruling from Kyoto, he set up the Shogunate in Kamakura, near his base of power. Samurai Warriors 2 Patch FixInitially, their responsibility was restricted to arresting rebels and collecting needed army provisions, and they were forbidden from interfering with Kokushi officials, but their responsibility gradually expanded. Thus, the samurai- class appeared as the political ruling power in Japan. Ashikaga Shogunate. Zen Buddhism spread among the samurai in the 1. Pure Land Buddhism was favored. In 1. 27. 4, the Mongol- founded Yuan dynasty in China sent a force of some 4. Japan in northern Ky. Japan mustered a mere 1. The invading army was harassed by major thunderstorms throughout the invasion, which aided the defenders by inflicting heavy casualties. Samurai Warriors 2 Patch 1.2The Yuan army was eventually recalled and the invasion was called off. The Mongol invaders used small bombs, which was likely the first appearance of bombs and gunpowder in Japan. The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1. Completed in 1. 27. This would later serve as a strong defensive point against the Mongols. The Mongols attempted to settle matters in a diplomatic way from 1.
Samurai Warriors 4-2 Coming to the West. The hack-and-slash game features a new story mode. Koei Tecmo is bringing Samurai Warriors 4 II to the United States on September 29 and Europe. Shadow Warrior 2 - 12 Minute TOXIKK - Free Edition is now. Samurai.Warriors.2.v1.1.Plus.4.Trainer.zip Size: 418.26KB Downloads: 2,398 (3 today) Show advanced download options -. Battles of Norghan v1.1 Patch and Demo Released InSomnia Third Kickstarter Campaign. Japan was executed. This set the stage for one of the most famous engagements in Japanese history. In 1. 28. 1, a Yuan army of 1. Japan. The Mongol army was still on its ships preparing for the landing operation when a typhoon hit north Ky. The casualties and damage inflicted by the typhoon, followed by the Japanese defense of the Hakata Bay barrier, resulted in the Mongols again recalling their armies. Moko Shurai Ekotoba, (. These winds became known as kami- no- kaze, which literally translates as . This is often given a simplified translation as . The kami- no- kaze lent credence to the Japanese belief that their lands were indeed divine and under supernatural protection. In the 1. 4th century, a blacksmith called Masamune developed a two- layer structure of soft and hard steel for use in swords. This structure gave much improved cutting power and endurance, and the production technique led to Japanese swords (katana) being recognized as some of the most potent hand weapons of pre- industrial East Asia. Many swords made using this technique were exported across the East China Sea, a few making their way as far as India. To avoid infighting, invasions of neighboring samurai territories became common and bickering among samurai was a constant problem for the Kamakura and Ashikaga Shogunates. Sengoku period. In this turbulent period, bushido ethics became important factors in controlling and maintaining public order. Japanese war tactics and technologies improved rapidly in the 1. Use of large numbers of infantry called ashigaru (. The number of people mobilized in warfare ranged from thousands to hundreds of thousands. The arquebus, a matchlock gun, was introduced by the Portuguese via a Chinese pirate ship in 1. Japanese succeeded in assimilating it within a decade. Groups of mercenaries with mass- produced arquebuses began playing a critical role. By the end of the Sengoku Period, several hundred thousand firearms existed in Japan and massive armies numbering over 1. Azuchi. Taking advantage of arquebus mastery and extensive wartime experience from the Sengoku period, Japanese samurai armies made major gains in most of Korea. Kato Kiyomasa advanced to Orangkai territory (present- day Manchuria) bordering Korea to the northeast and crossed the border into Manchuria, but withdrew after retaliatory attacks from the Jurchens there, as it was clear he had outpaced the rest of the Japanese invasion force. A few of the more famous samurai generals of this war were Kat. Shimazu Yoshihiro led some 7,0. Ming and Korean forces at the Battle of Sacheon in 1. Yoshihiro was feared as Oni- Shimazu (. In spite of the superiority of Japanese land forces, ultimately the two expeditions failed (though they did devastate the Korean landmass) from factors such as Korean naval superiority (which, led by Admiral Yi Sun- shin, harassed Japanese supply lines continuously throughout the wars, resulting in supply shortages on land), the commitment of sizeable Ming forces to Korea, Korean guerrilla actions, the underestimation of resistance by Japanese commanders (in the first campaign of 1. Korean defenses on land were caught unprepared, under- trained, and under- armed; they were rapidly overrun, with only a limited number of successfully resistant engagements against the more- experienced and battle- hardened Japanese forces - in the second campaign of 1. Korean and Ming forces proved to be a far more difficult challenge and, with the support of continued Korean naval superiority, limited Japanese gains to parts southeastern Korea), and wavering Japanese commitment to the campaigns as the wars dragged on. The final death blow to the Japanese campaigns in Korea came with Hideyoshi's death in late 1. Japanese forces in Korea by the Council of Five Elders (established by Hideyoshi to oversee the transition from his regency to that of his son Hideyori). It should be noted that many samurai forces that were active throughout this period were not deployed to Korea; most importantly, the daimyo. Tokugawa Ieyasu carefully kept forces under his command out of the Korean campaigns, and other samurai commanders who were opposed to Hideyoshi's domination of Japan either mulled Hideyoshi's call to invade Korea or contributed a small token force. Most commanders who did opposed or otherwise resisted/resented Hideyoshi ended up as part of the so- called Eastern Army, while commanders loyal to Hideyoshi and his son (a notable exception to this trend was Kat. Most of the samurai families that survived to the 1. Minamoto, Taira, Fujiwara and Tachibana. In most cases, however, it is hard to prove these claims. Oda, Toyotomi and Tokugawa. Consecutive victories enabled him to realize the termination of the Ashikaga Bakufu and the disarmament of the military powers of the Buddhist monks, which had inflamed futile struggles among the populace for centuries. He died in 1. 58. Akechi Mitsuhide, turned upon him with his army. Importantly, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (see below) and Tokugawa Ieyasu, who founded the Tokugawa Shogunate, were loyal followers of Nobunaga. Hideyoshi began as a peasant and became one of Nobunaga's top generals, and Ieyasu had shared his childhood with Nobunaga. Hideyoshi defeated Mitsuhide within a month, and was regarded as the rightful successor of Nobunaga by avenging the treachery of Mitsuhide.
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